The manufacturing industry has achieved world-renowned achievements. From being small to being a giant dragon spreading its wings, Chinese manufacturers have made great efforts and efforts. However, it is undeniable that Chinese manufacturing still has huge room for development. According to incomplete statistics, we can make efforts in the 20 types of products and 16 types of high-end materials introduced below in the future. If the technical problems related to these products and materials can be overcome, it will be beneficial for my country's manufacturing industry to take a big step forward.

Part.1 — 20 kinds of products

High-end CNC machine tools

Machine tools are the foundation of modern manufacturing. Without the support of machine tools, modern manufacturing will be difficult. With the development of the times and technology, the manufacturing industry has higher and higher requirements for precision machining, and higher-precision products have to rely on high-end CNC machine tools.

At present, the self-sufficiency rate of domestic high-end CNC machine tools is less than 10%. Although my country continues to increase investment in research and development of high-end machine tools, the precision and service life of domestic machine tools are far from the same level in the world.

2. Chips

Chips can be said to be ubiquitous, ranging from smartphones used in daily life to supercomputers used to land on the moon. China's chip market exceeds hundreds of billions of dollars. However, the share of China's core integrated circuit domestic chips is zero, and the trade deficit is as high as 165.7 billion U.S. dollars.

Although my country is stepping up efforts to tackle key chip technologies, Chinese companies are still in the low-end field in the global chip industry structure.

3. Lithography machine

The lithography machine is known as the mother of chips, and the lack of domestic chips is partly due to the weakness of the lithography machine. At present, the lithography machines for manufacturing high-end chips are only owned by ASML in the Netherlands, Nikon and Canon in Japan, and ASML in the Netherlands accounts for 87.4% of the global share.

The process technology that the semiconductor industry is challenging today is 3nm and 5nm, which is less than one ten-thousandth of the diameter of a hair. Processing under this precision condition, any traditional processing methods are useless. "If a worker wants to be good at his work, he must first sharpen his tools." If the semiconductor industry wants to break through the technological blockade and develop advanced semiconductor manufacturing processes, it must There must be an advanced photolithography machine.

4. Operating system

Although domestic smartphones have achieved the world's leading position, China is still very passive in the operating system of smartphones. At present, Huawei's Hongmeng has occupied a certain market, but the current proportion is very small.

If China wants to truly realize the independent production of smartphones, the blank of the operating system is a problem that can never be avoided. The construction of the most important software ecosystem of the operating system requires the cooperation of chip manufacturers, system manufacturers, and software manufacturers for several years.

5. Medical devices

Medical devices refer to instruments, equipment, utensils, in vitro diagnostic reagents and calibrators, materials and other similar or related items that are used directly or indirectly on the human body, including required software, mainly for medical diagnosis, monitoring and treatment. Without medical equipment, it is difficult for hundreds of millions of medical patients in China to receive timely treatment.

Although my country's medical industry is becoming more and more perfect, many medical devices are mostly imported from Germany, Japan, and Switzerland. The cost of such high-end precision instruments is usually as high as one million or even tens of millions.

At present, the gap between my country's medical equipment and developed countries is mainly reflected in high-end products. The homogeneity of domestic medical devices is serious. For example, there are more than 200 enterprises in my country that only produce infusion sets and syringes, lacking awareness of differentiation and innovation.

6. Aero engine

China's rockets can go to the moon, and its fourth-generation fighter jets can be independently developed, but aero engines are still highly dependent on imports. At present, in the field of aviation development in the world, the dominance of the aero-engines of the United States and Britain is difficult to shake. Pratt & Whitney (PW: Pratt & Whitney), General Electric (GE: General Electric) and Rolls-Royce (RR: Rolls Royce, also known as Rolls-Royce) firmly occupies the top three position of the aviation engine, and the market share of domestic engines is less than 1%.

7. Marine diesel engine

China's shipbuilding technology ranks among the top in the world, but more than 95% of domestic ship power plants are diesel engine power plants, and the world's ship diesel engines are basically monopolized by MAN B&W Diesel Engine Company and Wartsila.

Not only is the marine engine market firmly occupied by foreign countries, but it is also difficult to break through the patent blockade. It has been reported that a state-owned enterprise in the central and western regions of China manufactured more than 300 medium-speed engines for ships and made a profit of hundreds of millions of yuan. If domestic engines want to accumulate a lot of money, breaking through the patent blockade has become the top priority.

8. Car engine

At present, domestic engines still lack independent research and development technology, resulting in a certain gap between domestic engines and foreign countries in terms of manufacturing process and reliability.

Today, with the rapid development of self-owned brands, domestic cars have made great progress in appearance design and body workmanship. Some excellent products can even surpass joint ventures in these aspects, but an excellent engine is still an important factor for domestic cars to win the trust of consumers. Base.

9. High-end sensors

Whether it is smartphones, smart hardware or smart homes, high-end sensors are everywhere, and high-end sensors have become basic accessories in the digital age.

At present, what our country lacks most is high-end and sensitive sensors. As far as the overall level is concerned, domestic sensor products are still mainly low-end and low-end, and the technical level is relatively backward. Imports of mid-to-high-end sensors account for 80% of the Chinese market, and there is a serious shortage of digital, intelligent, and miniaturized products.

10. Switch machine

The switch machine is the executive mechanism of the turnout control system, which can ensure the safety of driving, improve the efficiency of transportation, and improve the labor intensity of driving personnel. At present, the precision of the ZD6 switch machine independently produced in our country needs to be improved.

11. High-end bearings

Bearings are almost everywhere in our lives, ranging from shared bicycles on the side of the road, household appliances at home, to spaceships in the sky, and aircraft carriers launched into the water. Without bearings, none of these can exist.

The accuracy of rolling bearings is generally divided into five grades: P0, P6, P5, P4, and P2. The accuracy of bearings used on precision machine tool spindles should be P5 and above. For high-speed, high-precision machine tools such as CNC machine tools and machining centers For the main shaft support, it is necessary to use P4 and above super precision bearings. P4 and above ultra-precision bearings have high requirements on technical performance and reliability, and more than half of domestic demand depends on imports.

12. Mainframe

Mainframes are also known as mainframes. Depending on their powerful data storage capabilities and security, certain important industries are "irreplaceable". The mainframe is responsible for the core applications of enterprises and institutions, such as bank fund transactions, user data, and so on. If the mainframe of a big bank such as the four major banks fails, bank transfers and ATM machines will be paralyzed, and the mobile payment we use every day will not work properly. This also shows that we have a lot of room for improvement in this technical field.

13. Transmission Electron Microscopy

A transmission electron microscope is a large-scale microscopic analysis device that uses high-energy electron beams as an illumination source for magnified imaging. Compared with optical microscopes, transmission electron microscopes can clearly see fine structures smaller than 0.2 μm, which is an important instrument in the field of scientific research in my country. At present, my country is still unable to produce high-precision transmission electron microscopes, and most of the electron microscopes used by universities and scientific research institutions are imported from the United States, Japan and the Netherlands.

14. CNC tool

CNC cutting tools are the teeth of industrial production, and processing without cutting tool raw materials is nonsense. At present, the precision and durability of domestic CNC cutting tools have been greatly improved in terms of technology and coating technology, and significant progress has been made, but there is still a certain gap compared with the world's high-end cutting tools.

15. Genetic detector

The gene sequencer was born in 1986 and has gone through more than 30 years, and more than 99% of the equipment is developed, designed and produced in the

United States. If China's genetic engineering is to make progress, it needs to increase its efforts in genetic testing equipment.

16. Vacuum evaporation machine

With the launch of Huawei mate20 equipped with BOE OLED screens, domestic OLED screens are playing an increasingly important role in the international market. However, as the "heart" of the OLED panel process: the vacuum evaporation machine, its core technology is still firmly in the hands of Japan's Canon Tokki.

The annual output of Canon Tokki is usually only a few to a dozen units. It can control the error of evaporating organic light-emitting materials on the substrate within 5 microns. No other company's evaporator can achieve this accuracy. At present, there are already enterprises producing vapor deposition machines in our country, and we have to continue to work hard on the precision.

17. High-precision manipulator

The manipulator is one of the most important components of industrial robots. As China's manufacturing industry gradually moves toward digitization and intelligence, the precision requirements for industrial robots are getting higher and higher. At present, the foundation for the manufacture of important parts of industrial robots in my country is still relatively weak, and cannot meet the high-precision requirements.

18. Photosensitive dry film

Photosensitive dry film is a special product for the manufacture of printed circuit boards (PCB), usually composed of three parts: polyethylene film, photoresist film and polyester film. The main function of the photosensitive dry film is to isolate oxygen, delaminate and avoid mechanical scratches. Without it, the life of the circuit board will be greatly reduced. In 2017, the output of photoresist dry film in my country was about 70 million square meters, accounting for 1/3 of domestic consumption.

19. Anticancer drugs

A new drug is a life-saving straw for cancer patients, but for pharmaceutical companies, it will cost tens of billions of dollars in R&D investment in 6 to 10 years. Chinese pharmaceutical companies still have a long way to go to allow Chinese cancer patients to eat cheap domestic medicines as soon as possible. In 2017, the scale of oncology drugs in my country exceeded 140 billion, but most relied on imports.

20. Digital camera

SLR digital cameras have a high technical threshold and require the combination of cutting-edge optical, electronic, and mechanical technologies. For example, the shutter speed of today's SLR cameras can reach 1/4000 second, and some high-end models can even reach 1/8000 second. Such a high-speed shutter has extremely strict requirements on processing accuracy and reliability, and China's machining conditions are still difficult to achieve. such a level.

Part.2 — 16 kinds of high-end materials

1. Carbon fiber: my country's enterprises are expanding their production capacity rapidly, but their core technology is seriously lacking, and high value-added carbon fiber for aerospace is still "stuck".

2. Aluminum sheets for automobiles: Chinese enterprises need to import core equipment and technology, and the production capacity of high-performance products needs to be improved.

3. Polyimide: The products are mostly used in the military field, and the quality of electronic-grade PI films in my country lags behind the international advanced level.

4. SiC fiber: Japanese and American companies dominate the global market, and the industrialization of the third-generation SiC fiber in my country is in its infancy.

5. Silicon wafers: The production capacity of Chinese enterprises is concentrated on 6-inch silicon wafers, and the localization rate of 12-inch large silicon wafers is low.

6. Silicon carbide: American companies are the only ones, and our leading company has started mass production, with an import dependence of 80%.

7. Semiconductor sputtering targets: Japanese and American manufacturers occupy a monopoly position, and the localization rate in my country is only 20%.

8. Nylon 66: Adiponitrile technology has made some breakthroughs, domestic enterprises have accelerated their deployment, and import substitution in the entire industrial chain is expected.

9. Polylactic acid: The share of production capacity of Chinese enterprises continues to rise, and the supply of raw materials and production technology restrict further development.

10. Electronic ceramics: Chinese companies occupy the middle and low-end market, and ceramic powder technology needs to be broken through, which is stuck by Japan and the United States.

11. Optical film: Base films such as PVA film, TAC film, brightness enhancement film, and diffusion film are stuck by Japanese and Korean companies.

12. Photoresist: The localization rate of semiconductor photoresist in my country is 2%, and KrF and ArF photoresist are most heavily dependent on foreign countries.

13. Organic light-emitting materials: Chinese enterprises mainly produce crude monomers and intermediates, and breakthroughs are yet to be made in terminal finished materials.

14. Polyphenylene ether: The production and sales of Chinese enterprises rank among the top in the world, but the supply is still in short supply, and there is still a gap with European and American enterprises in terms of quality, output, variety and brand.

15. Para-aramid fiber: the production capacity is still at the kiloton level, and the yield rate and product quality seriously hinder the development of the industry.

16. Superabsorbent resin: The total production capacity has entered the first echelon in the world, with low-end overcapacity and high-end undercapacity.